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Andrew Forman
Andrew Forman (c. 1465–11 March 1521) was a Scottish diplomat and prelate who became Bishop of Moray in 1501, Archbishop of Bourges in France, in 1513, Archbishop of St Andrews in 1514 as well as being Commendator of several monasteries.
He was probably the son of Nicholas Forman of Hutton in Berwickshire, and Jonet Blackadder.〔McGladdery, ''Andrew Forman''〕 Forman had three brothers, John and Adam who were both knights — Adam was the standard-bearer to King James IV at the Battle of Flodden and John was the king's serjeant-porter who was captured at the battle — and Robert who was dean of Glasgow cathedral.〔Herkless & Hannay, ''Archbishops of St Andrews'' pp. 6, 19〕〔Dowden, ''Bishops of Scotland'', pp. 123, 136, 167〕 He also had two known sisters—Isabel, the second wife of Sir Patrick Home of Fast Castle and an unnamed sister whose son, John Roul, became commendator of May after Forman's death.〔Dowden, ''Bishops of Scotland'', pp. 167, 219〕 A possible third sister, Jonet Forman the Prioress of Eklis (Eccles), is the first named in a letter of protection and respite (similar to a will) dated 28 March 1513, when Forman lists a number of his kith and kin.〔Historical Review of Scotland, Vol. XIII, No. 1, Glasgow, 1915, pp. 317, 318〕 Like many senior churchmen of his day, his vow of celibacy was not one that he kept and was known to have had a daughter Jane who married Sir Alexander Oliphant of Kellie.〔The Scottish Historical Review, Glasgow, 1909, Vol. VI, 404〕 He was educated at the University of St Andrews graduating as a Licentiate of the Arts in 1483.〔Herkless & Hannay, ''Archbishops of St Andrews'', p. 6〕 By 1489, Forman had entered the service of King James IV whom he represented in Rome in 1489/90 and where he was appointed protonotary apostolic by Pope Innocent VIII.〔Herkless & Hannay, ''Archbishops of St Andrews'', pp. 8,9〕 King James’s foreign policy was directed at bringing peace to Europe and required Forman to spend extended periods in Rome, Paris and London. During his ambassadorial career Forman gained many church and lay endowments. The king's death at Flodden and that of his son Alexander, Archbishop of St Andrews, triggered a round of attempted seizures of senior ecclesiastical offices in Scotland. Forman eventually emerged with his appointment to the archbishopric of St Andrews in 1514 which he held until his death in 1521.
==Diplomat and pluralist==
Although Forman obtained many high offices in the church, his primary role was as a senior emissary in the service of the king; a role that saw him receive generous royal and papal gifts. The first benefice he received was in 1489 when Pope Innocent VIII provided him to the Parsonage of Forest church (Yarrow in the Scottish borders).〔Manuel, D. G., ''Dryburgh Abbey in the Light of its Historical and Ecclesiastical Setting'', Edinburgh, 1922, p. 219〕 Then in 1492, he used his influence at Rome to obtain the guarantee of the provision to the abbacy of Culross but resigned his rights in 1493 in return for a substantial pension from the monastery’s income.〔Fawcett & Oram, ''Dryburgh Abbey'', p. 32〕 The possession of multiple religious appointments was common in late medieval Scotland when ecclesiastical and later, temporal lords, would be gifted commendatorships of monasteries at the discretion of the monarch—it was unlikely that the monasteries in question would have been visited by their commendators very often, if at all.〔Fawcett & Oram, ''Dryburgh Abbey'', pp. 31,32〕 He became prior of May (Pittenweem) in 1495—an office which he retained up until his death—and by 30 September 1497, he was protonotary apostolic.〔〔Bain, ''Cal. Docs. Scot.'', p. 331〕 The king received Perkin Warbeck, the bogus Duke of York, in Stirling Castle in November 1495 and designated Forman to attend him. Warbeck's presence in Scotland may have been used by King James and some of his councillors as an excuse to wage war with England.〔MacDougall, JamesIV, p. 122〕 Apart from a raid into Northumberland, war did not ensue and in July 1497, Forman watched over Warbeck's departure from the port of Ayr.〔Archer, ''Andrew Forman'', Dict. Nat. Biog.〕
Forman and Bishop William Elphinstone of Aberdeen were the principal envoys who brokered a seven-year truce with King Henry VII of England at Aytoun in September 1497.〔 They were assisted by the Spanish ambassador Pedro de Ayala, who recommended in May 1498 that diplomatic correspondence to Scotland should be copied to Forman, his influential friend.〔''Calendar State Papers Milan'', vol. 1 (1912), no. 558.〕 The search for a queen for James began in 1499 when negotiators were appointed to treat with King Henry for the marriage of his eldest daughter, Princess Margaret.〔Herkless & Hannay, ''Archbishops of St Andrews'', p. 13〕 Dispensation from the pope for the marriage was received as both James and Margaret were cousins, descended from John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset.〔MacDougall, ''JamesIV'', p. 149〕 On 8 October 1501, Forman, now postulate to the see of Moray, was commissioned along with Robert Blackadder, Archbishop of Glasgow and Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell to conclude the treaty of marriage.〔 In that same year, King Henry, in gratitude for his services required that Thomas Savage, Archbishop of York institute Forman as Rector of the parish church of Cottingham.〔Bain, ''Cal. Docs. Scot.'', p. 335〕 On 26 November 1501, Pope Alexander VI provided Forman to the bishopric of Moray〔Dowden, ''Bishops of Scotland'', p. 38〕 and then only a few months later in 1502, Bishop Forman concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with England at Richmond Palace.〔Bain, ''Cal. Docs. Scot.'', p. 337〕 The formal proceedings that finally concluded the marriage terms of King James and Margaret Tudor were conducted in Glasgow Cathedral on 10 December 1502 where Forman was a signatory.〔Bain, ''Cal. Docs. Scot.'', p. 339〕 He was then appointed as a commissioner to oversee the exchange of the ratified marriage treaties at the courts of Henry and James.〔Bain, ''Cal. Docs. Scot.'', p. 340〕 James designated Forman to conduct Margaret to Scotland but while in England, gave King Henry an undertaking that the King of Scots would not renew the league with France unless Henry was first consulted.〔Herkless & Hannay, ''Archbishops of St Andrews'', pp. 20, 21〕〔Bain, ''Cal. Docs. Scot.'', p. 347〕 The procession to Scotland took them to Fast Castle near Berwick where they stayed with Forman’s sister Isabel and her husband Alexander Oliphant of Kellie.〔Dowden, ''Bishops of Scotland'', p. 167〕 In 1509, Forman became commendator of Dryburgh Abbey and tried unsuccessfully to obtain the commendatorship of the wealthy abbey of Kelso in 1511.〔Fawcett & Oram, ''Dryburgh Abbey'', p. 31–32〕 The lands and possessions of the parson of Boleskin, south of Inverness were given to Forman (as bishop of Moray) in 1511 and then in 1512 he became the Keeper of the castle of Darnaway, near Forres, Chamberlain of Moray and Custumar north of the River Spey.〔Herkless & Hannay, ''Archbishops of St Andrews'', pp. 69,70〕
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